Carotid artery blockages are one of the most important warning signs for stroke and other serious cardiovascular events.
These blockages can develop silently over many years, often without symptoms, but early detection can prevent life-threatening complications.
Understanding what causes carotid blockages, how to test for them, and when to take action is essential for maintaining long-term vascular health.
What Is a Carotid Artery Blockage?
The carotid arteries are two major blood vessels, located on each side of the neck, that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain.
When these arteries become narrowed or blocked, blood flow to the brain is reduced. This condition is known as carotid artery disease or carotid stenosis.
Most blockages are caused by the buildup of fatty deposits known as plaque, which develop along the inner walls of the arteries.
Over time, plaque can harden or rupture, leading to blood clots that further restrict blood flow or travel to the brain, causing a stroke.
What Causes Carotid Artery Blockages?
Carotid artery disease develops through a process called atherosclerosis, the same condition that causes coronary artery disease.
Atherosclerosis is a gradual accumulation of cholesterol, calcium, and other substances inside the arterial walls.
Major Risk Factors
- High blood pressure
- High LDL (“bad”) cholesterol
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes or insulin resistance
- Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
- Family history of heart disease or stroke
- Age over 50
- Poor diet high in trans fats and sodium
These risk factors contribute to inflammation and plaque buildup in the arteries, making regular screening an essential part of preventive care.
How to Get Tested for Carotid Artery Blockages
Carotid artery disease often progresses silently. Many people only discover it after a minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Screening helps detect narrowing early, when it can still be treated or managed with lifestyle changes and medication.
Common Screening Tests
- Carotid ultrasound (Doppler study): A painless, noninvasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the arteries and measure blood flow. This is the most common and effective initial test.
- CT angiography (CTA): Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the arteries to identify narrowing or plaque buildup.
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA): Uses magnetic fields to visualize the arteries and detect obstructions.
- Physical exam: A doctor may listen to the neck with a stethoscope to check for a “bruit,” an abnormal sound that suggests turbulent blood flow.
Protecting Yourself from Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid artery disease can often be managed or even slowed when caught early. The best prevention comes from addressing the underlying risk factors.
Prevention Tips
- Keep blood pressure and cholesterol under control
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
- Quit smoking and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Monitor blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Get regular vascular screenings if you are over 50 or have risk factors
Early screening saves lives. Detecting carotid blockages before symptoms appear gives you the chance to take action and protect your brain and heart health.
Take the First Step Toward Prevention
Carotid artery blockages can lead to serious complications, but they don’t have to.
With early detection and proactive management, you can significantly lower your stroke risk and maintain a healthy vascular system.
Schedule a carotid screening near you today and take the first step toward prevention.